In this paper the information perspective was adopted to explore how and when task conflict affects employees' learning behavior. A total of 170 employees in China completed a survey and it was found that task conflict increases learning behavior through information elaboration. More interestingly, the positive relationship between task conflict and information elaboration is significant only when task reflexivity is high, and not when it is low. Furthermore, the positive and indirect effect of task conflict on learning behavior is significant only when task reflexivity is high, and not when it is low. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Introduction -- Index system, method, and application of natural resources evaluation -- Efficiency evaluation of energy and resource utilization at the regional level in China -- Spatial differences in water–energy system coupling relationship -- Study on the economic effects of efficient utilization of natural resources -- Research on environmental effects of natural resources efficiency utilization -- Analysis of temporal and spatial evolution of natural resources utilization -- Price fluctuation of natural resources and its impacts on economic development -- Research on policy support system and supervision mechanism of natural resources efficiency utilization.
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Abstract Background Although anterior or posterior surgery for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) has been extensively studied, the choice of anterior or posterior approach in four-segment CSM remains poorly studied and controversial. We compared the clinical and radiographic outcomes of four-segment CSM by posterior laminoplasty (LAMP) and anterior cervical decompression fusion (ACDF) to further explore the merits and demerits of ACDF and LAMP for four-segment CSM in this study. Methods Patients with four-segment CSM who underwent ACDF or LAMP between January 2016 and June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. We compared the preoperative and postoperative cervical Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores, neck disability index (NDI), neck pain visual analog scale (VAS) score, sagittal vertical axis, cervical lordosis (CL), and range of motion. Results There were 47 and 79 patients in the ACDF and LAMP groups, respectively. Patients in the ACDF group had a significantly longer surgical time and lower estimated blood loss and length of stay than those in the LAMP group. There was no significant difference in the JOA, NDI, or neck pain VAS scores between the two groups preoperatively, but the NDI and neck pain VAS scores in the ACDF group were significantly lower than those in the LAMP group at the final follow-up. The preoperative C2–C7 Cobb angle of the ACDF group was significantly lower than that of the LAMP group but there was no significant difference between the two groups postoperatively. The improvement of C2–C7 Cobb angle (∆C2–C7 Cobb angle) in the ACDF group was significantly higher than that in the LAMP group. This indicated that ACDF can improve CL better than LAMP. The linear regression analysis revealed the ∆C2–C7 Cobb angle was negatively correlated with the final follow-up neck pain VAS scores and NDI. This indicated that patients with better improvement of CL may have a better prognosis. Conclusions Although both ACDF and LAMP surgeries are effective for four-segment CSM, ACDF can better improve CL and neck pain. For patients with poor CL, we suggest ACDF when both approaches are feasible.
